In the budget announcement for the financial year 2022-2023, Ministry of Defence has been allocated a total budget of Rs 5.25 lakh crore, which is 13.31% of the total budget. The total Defence Budget represents an enhancement of Rs 46,970 crore (9.82%) over Budget Estimates 2021-22.
In the Union Budget, the Capital Allocations pertaining to modernisation and infrastructure development of Armed Forces has been increased to Rs 1.52 lakh crore. In order to give push to indigenous Domestic Enterprises under the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’, the share of domestic capital procurement, which was earmarked at 64% in 2021-22, has been enhanced to 68% of the Capital Acquisition Budget of the Defence Services. Defence R&D will be opened up for industry, start-ups and academia with 25 per cent of defence R&D budget earmarked. Private industry will be encouraged to take up design and development of military platforms and equipment in collaboration with DRDO and other organizations through SPV model.
The Capital segment of the MoD (Civil) budget catering to organisations such as Indian Coast Guard (ICG), Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and Directorate General Defence Estates (DGDE) etc has also seen a notable jump of 55.60%. The Capital Budget of Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has been increased by 40% to Rs 3,500 crore in FY 2022-23 vis-à-vis Rs 2,500 crore in FY 2021-22. This will expedite the progress of creation of border infrastructure including important tunnels (Sela and Naechiphu tunnel) and bridges on major river gaps.
For more information: Click here to read... [2]
Raksha Mantri (RM) reviewed, in New Delhi on February 18, 2022, the preparations of DefExpo-2022, Asia's largest exhibition on land, naval and homeland security systems, to be held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat in March. The event is being organised as one of the largest defence international exhibitions of the world. There has been greater domestic and international interest in this 12th edition of DefExpo, so far 78 participating nations, 39 Minister Level delegations with other confirmations to be received in the days ahead and 1000+ registered exhibitors for the mega event. Foreign Defence Ministers confirmations are also being received and are comparable with the previous edition of the event which was held in February 2020 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
For more information: Click here to read... [3]
The President of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind reviewed the Indian Navy Fleet at Visakhapatnam on 21 Feb 22. With the theme ‘75 years in Service of the Nation,’ Indian Navy showcased its latest state-of-art indigenously built combat platforms during the 12th edition of the Fleet Review which was also conducted as part of the 75th anniversary of India's Independence being celebrated as 'Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav'.
After a 21-Gun Salute and Ceremonial Guard of Honour, the President embarked on the Presidential yacht, INS Sumitra, an indigenously built Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel designated as the Presidential yacht. The President sailed past 44 ships from the Navy, Coast Guard, SCI and MoES lined up in four columns at anchorage off Visakhapatnam.
For more information: Click here to read... [4]
The Indian Air Force (IAF) and Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO) are scheduled to participate in a bilateral exercise named Eastern Bridge-VI from 21 to 25 February 2022 at Air Force Station Jodhpur. This would be the sixth edition of the exercise. It will provide an opportunity to enhance operational capability and interoperability between the two Air Forces.
For more information: Click here to read... [5]
In response to appeals made by the United Nations for humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan, the Government of India has decided to gift 50,000 MT of wheat to the people of Afghanistan. The supply will be effected by the Food Corporation of India (FCI) and transported from ICP Attari (India) to Jalalabad (Afghanistan) by Afghan transporters. In a ceremony held at Amritsar on 22 February, 2022, Foreign Secretary Shri Harsh Vardhan Shringla along with Afghan Ambassador Mr. Farid Mamundzay and World Food Program Country Director Mr. Bishaw Parajuli, flagged off the first convoy of 50 trucks carrying 2500 MT of wheat assistance from India to Afghanistan via Pakistan. The shipment is part of the commitment made by the Government of India to supply 50,000 MT of wheat for the people of Afghanistan.
For more information: Click here to read... [6]
Indian Air Force will participate in a multi nation air exercise named 'Ex Cobra Warrior 22' at Waddington, UK from 06 to 27 March 2022. Five Tejas aircraft will fly to the United Kingdom. IAF C-17 aircraft will provide the necessary transport support for induction and de-induction.
For more information: Click here to read... [7]
The latest edition of Indian Navy’s multilateral exercise MILAN 2022 is scheduled to commence from 25 Feb 22 in Visakhapatnam. MILAN 22 is being conducted over a duration of 9 days in two phases with the harbour phase scheduled from 25 to 28 February and Sea Phase from 01 to 04 March. The theme of the MILAN 2022 exercise is ‘Camaraderie – Cohesion – Collaboration’ which aims to project India as a responsible maritime power to the world at large. The aim of the exercise is to hone operational skills, imbibe best practices and procedures, and enable doctrinal learning in the maritime domain, through professional interaction between friendly navies. MILAN 22 will witness its largest ever participation, with more than 40 countries sending their warships/ high level delegations. This edition of MILAN would be larger in ‘scope and complexity’ with focus on exercises at sea including exercises in surface, sub-surface and air domains and weapon firings.
For more information: Click here to read... [8]
Phone call between Prime Minister Modi and President Putin of the Russian Federation.
In a telephonic conversation President Putin briefed Prime Minister about the recent developments regarding Ukraine. Prime Minister reiterated his long-standing conviction that the differences between Russia and the NATO group can only be resolved through honest and sincere dialogue. Prime Minister appealed for an immediate cessation of violence, and called for concerted efforts from all sides to return to the path of diplomatic negotiations and dialogue. Prime Minister also sensitised the Russian President about India's concerns regarding the safety of the Indian citizens in Ukraine, especially students, and conveyed that India attaches the highest priority to their safe exit and return to India.
For more information: Click here to read... [9]
A joint team of scientists from Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, for the first time in the country successfully demonstrated Quantum Key Distribution link between Prayagraj and Vindhyachal in Uttar Pradesh, a distance of more than 100 kilometres. This technological breakthrough was achieved over a commercial grade optical fibre already available in field. With this success, the country has demonstrated indigenous technology of secure key transfer for bootstrapping military grade communication security key hierarchy. The performance parameters have been measured and have been found to be repetitively within the reported international standards at sifted key rates of up to 10 KHz. This technology will enable security agencies to plan a suitable quantum communication network with indigenous technology backbone.
For more information: Click here to read... [10]
Providing a further boost to the ‘Make in India’ initiative of the Government of India in the Defence Sector, the Acquisition Wing of the Ministry of Defence has today signed a contract for Rs. 1075 crore with M/s Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) for the retro-modification of Commander Sight of Battle Tanks-T-90. The retro-modification will be carried out in 957 T-90 tanks of the Indian Army. The new retro-modified Commander sight employs a thermal imager capable of detecting the targets at 8 Kms during day and night and a Laser Ranger Finder (LRF) to find the ranges accurately up to 5 Kms, thereby enhancing its capability to engage target at longer ranges.
For more information: Click here to read... [11]
A joint military exercise, “EX DHARMA GUARDIAN-2022”, between India and Japan will be conducted at Foreign Training Node, Belagavi (Belgaum, Karnataka) from 27 February 2022 to 10 March 2022. Exercise DHARMA GUARDIAN-2022 is an annual training event which is being conducted in India since 2018. Notably, in the series of military training exercises undertaken by India with various countries, Exercise DHARMA GUARDIAN with Japan is crucial and significant in terms of security challenges faced by both nations in the backdrop of current global situation. The scope of this exercise covers platoon level joint training on operations in jungle and semi urban/urban terrain.
For more information: Click here to read... [12]
President Zelenskyy briefed the Prime Minister in detail about the ongoing conflict situation in Ukraine. Prime Minister expressed his deep anguish about the loss of life and property due to the ongoing conflict. He reiterated his call for an immediate cessation of violence and a return to dialogue, and expressed India’s willingness to contribute in any way towards peace efforts. Prime Minister also conveyed India’s deep concern for the safety and security of Indian citizens, including students, present in Ukraine. He sought facilitation by Ukrainian authorities to expeditiously and safely evacuate Indian citizens.
For more information: Click here to read... [13]
Tri-services discussions on the modalities and structural framework for the creation of Integrated Theatre Commands for the Indian Armed Forces were held under the aegis of Western Naval Command at Mumbai. This is yet another milestone towards building jointness and enhancing organisational synergy among the three Services. A total of nine Commanders-in-Chief from the Indian Army, Navy, Air Force and ANC, came together for a high-level meeting to discuss and deliberate on various aspects related to setting up of the Integrated Maritime Theatre Command.
For more information: Click here to read... [14]
VAdm Michael Noonan, Chief of Navy, Royal Australian Navy called on Adm R Hari Kumar, Chief of Naval Staff on 28 Feb 22 at New Delhi. CoN RAN had earlier visited Headquarters, Eastern Naval Command (HQENC) at Visakhapatnam from 25 – 28 Feb 22 to participate in Indian Navy’s biennial multilateral naval exercise MILAN 22. The Admiral was also a Guest Speaker during the International Maritime Seminar of MILAN 22. Among issues discussed during the interaction were avenues to strengthen the growing cooperation between the two nations and navies, deal with challenges emerging on the maritime front, and enhance collaboration and interoperability to ensure maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
For more information: Click here to read... [15]
During the visit of Adm Samuel J Paparo, Cdr PACFLT, US Navy, the Admiral interacted with Adm R Hari Kumar, Chief of the Naval Staff, in addition to other high ranking GoI officials. Among issues discussed during the interaction were avenues to strengthen the growing cooperation between the two navies, deal with challenges emerging on the maritime front, and enhance collaboration and interoperability to ensure maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). Earlierhe visited Headquarters, Eastern Naval Command (HQENC) at Visakhapatnam to participate in Indian Navy’s biennial multilateral naval exercise MILAN 22. The Admiral was also a Guest Speaker during the International Maritime Seminar of MILAN 22.
For more information: Click here to read... [16]
The Prime Minister chaired and pointed that the visit of four senior ministers as his Special Envoys to various nations will energize the evacuation efforts. It is reflective of the priority the Government attaches to this matter. The Prime Minister noted that the first consignment of relief supplies to Ukraine to deal with the humanitarian situation on Ukraine’s borders would be despatched tomorrow.
For more information: Click here to read... [17]
On 18 February 2022, Hizbu’llah claimed a responsibility for launching a drone into Israel that evaded Israel’s Air Defence before returning to Lebanon. In a statement released, the terror group—Hizbu’llah mentioned that “Hassan” model drone was on a reconnaissance mission and had reached 70 kilometres (43 miles) inside Israel’s territory. “The Islamic resistance launched the Hassan drone into ‘occupied’ Palestinian territory, and it surveyed the area for 40 minutes,” read the statement.
The Israel Defence Forces (IDF) said that it fired an Iron Dome interceptor missile at the small, unmanned aircraft but missed and also scrambled fighter jets and attack the aircraft, setting of warning sirens across wide swarths of the North.
For more information: Click here to read... [18]
According to a report by a Somali-based research group—the Hiraal Institute, al-Qa’ida affiliated al-Shabaab spend USD 24 million on purchasing weapons. The report alleged that al-Shabaab has an annual revenue collection of about USD 180 million. “Out of annual planned expenditure of approximately USD 100 million, al-Shabaab’s annual planned expenditure on arms procurement is assessed to be USD 24 million, budgeted monthly at USD 2 million,” read the report. Allegedly, al-Shabaab purchases weapons from local black markets, and arms supplier contracted to buy and deliver weapons from abroad, with Yemen being the country of choice.
For more information: Click here to read... [19]
On 19 February 2022, at least 13 people were killed, and 20 others were wounded after a suicide bomber detonated explosives in a restaurant hosting local officials, in the town of Beledweyne in Hirshabelle State in central Somalia. According to witnesses, a large explosion tore through an open area of the Hassan Dhiff restaurant.
Despite tight security in Beledweyne, the attack took place amid eve of a first round of voting for parliamentary seats in constituency. “Two deputy district commissioners were among the dead. This was the deadliest attack that I can recall in this town,” said Police officer Mohamud Hassan.
For more information: Click here to read... [20]
In an interview shared on social media platform—Facebook, on 17 February 2022, the United States (US) Central Command (CentCom) Chief General Kenneth McKenzie expressed concerns over presence of Islamic State (IS) terrorist organisation in Afghanistan. “ISIS…. concerns us in Afghanistan. We know that the Taliban are no friends, particularly ISIS and in fact over the past couple of years, they have occasionally under-taken operations against ISIS,” said Gen McKenzie.
As reported in Tolo News, the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)’s Secretary-General Stanislav Zas warned that the re-emergence of foreign terrorist groups, including al-Qa’ida and IS are not only a threat to Afghanistan but to the whole region.
For more information: Click here to read... [21]
On 19 February 2022, Security forces arrested two terrorists in two separate operations in Pulwama and Srinagar districts of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). In first incident, security forces launched Cordon and Search Operation (CASO) in Rahmoo area in Pulwama district. During the search, a Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) terrorist—Irfan Yousuf Dar was arrested. Incriminating materials, and arms & ammunition, including an AK rifle, a magazine, and 30 rounds, were recovered from Dar’s possession.
In second incident, in a similar operation in Eidgah area in Srinagar, a Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT)/The Resistance Front (TRF) terrorist—Janaid Mushtaq Bhat, was arrested. The preliminary investigation revealed that Bhat had come to Srinagar to carryout terrorist attacks and targeted killings.
For more information: Click here to read... [22]
On 19 February 2022, National Investigation Agency (NIA) officials searched eight locations in Sopore, Kupwara, Shopian, Rajouri, Budgam, Ganderbal of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), and Jodhpur district of Rajasthan, in connection with ‘Jammu and Kashmir terrorism conspiracy’ case.
The case— RC-29/2021/NIA/DLI relates to conspiracy of carrying out terrorist acts in J&K and other major cities, including Delhi, by Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM), Hizb ul-Mujahideen (HM), Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), al-Badr, and their affiliate groups—The Resistance Front (TRF) and People Against Fascist Forces (PAFF). As of now, NIA has arrested 28 accused people in the same case.
For more information: Click here to read... [23]
The case—RC-30/2021/NIA/DLI relates to the spread of the network of Over-Ground Workers (OGWs) of Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), for providing support in conspiring terrorist activities in India. Earlier, six accused persons were arrested in the same case. In the investigation, the role of Arvind Digvijay Negi, IPS, SP posted at Shimla (since repatriated from NIA) was verified and his house was searched. During the search, it was found that the official secret documents of NIA were leaked by Negi to another accused person who is an OGW of LeT.
For more information: Click here to read... [24]
On 21 February 2022, security forces established a checkpoint near Sultanpora Bridge at Zachaldara in Kupwara district. Noticing the presence of security personnel, a person tried to flee but was arrested on the basis of suspicion. Later, the arrested man was identified as Ubaid Bashir Wani, a Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) terrorist. Incriminating materials, arms and ammunition have been seized from Wani’s possession.
For more information: Click here to read... [25]
On 16 February 2022, State Investigation Agency (SIA) arrested 10 Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) terrorists during the raid at different locations in various districts of central and south Kashmir. “Recently, the SIA constituted a mandate to investigate crimes connected with terrorism and secessionism, conducted overnight raids with focus on JeM network at different locations in various districts in Kashmir,” read the statement released by SIA.
During searches, cellular phones, SIM cards, records to show the use of banking channels, and even a dummy pistol were seized.
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On 25 February 2022, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) officials carried out searches at three locations—Wayanad district in Kerala, and Guntur & Chittor districts in Andhra Pradesh in connection with People’s Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA) recruitment case—RC-01/2022/NIA/KOC.
The case relates to the recruitment of vulnerable youth into the PLGA, an armed wing of CPI (Maoist), and further training them, organising terrorist camps to carry out the activities of CPI (Maoist) and threatening the unity and sovereignty of India.
For more information: Click here to read... [27]
In another phase of a joint operation since 08 February 2022, the Jharkhand Police and the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel arrested nine Maoists— i) Balram Oraon (zonal commander), ii) Dashrath Singh Kherwar (sub-zonal commander), iii) Markush Nagesia (area commander), iv) Shaileshwar Oraon, v) Mukesh Korba, vi) Viren Korba, vii) Shailendra Nagesia, viii) Sanjay Nagesia, and ix) Sheela Kherwar, from Bulbul Forest area in Lohardaga district of Jharkhand.
During the “Operation Double Bull”, the security forces exchanged fire with Maoists on 10 different occasions, busted their hideouts, and also killed a Maoist. From operation site, security forces recovered four weapons, including an American automatic rifle and a carbine, around 1,700 cartridges, 16 Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), codex wire, wireless sets, safety fuse, and several electronic items, and cash worth ₹ 3.27. On 22 February 2022, National Investigation Agency (NIA) officials arrested—Abraham Tuti, an explosive supplier, in connection with the killing of five Police personnel by Maoists on 14 June 2019, in Saraikela district of Jharkhand. On 20 February 2022, security forces discovered a huge cache of arms and ammunition, along with Maoist literature, in a forest in Malkangiri district in Odisha. “Based on intelligence inputs, security forces launched an operation in Swabhiman anchal, and found arms and ammunition in a forest near Nadmenjeri village along the Odisha-Andhra Pradesh border under the Jodamba police limits,” said Superintendent of Police (SP) Malkangiri—Nitesh Wadhwani. On 19 February 2022, Haryana Police arrested three men— i) Sagar, ii) Sunil, and iii) Jatin, from Juan village in Sonipat district of Haryana, for their alleged ties with pro-Khalistan groups. All three were booked under Sections 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act [UA(P)A], along with Section 120B of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), and other relevant Sections of the Arms Act. In preliminary investigation, it was found that all three men were receiving funds and arms from overseas to aid terror activities in Punjab and other parts of the country. Ministry of Information & Broadcasting blocks “Punjab Politics TV” for its ties to pro-Khalistan group.
On 18 February 2022, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (I&B) ordered blocking of applications, websites, and social media accounts of an overseas-based ‘Punjab Politics TV’ for its alleged close links with the proscribed pro-Khalistan organisation—Sikhs For Justice (SFJ). According to intelligence inputs, the channel— ‘Punjab Politics TV’ was attempting to use online media platforms to disturb Law & Order situation during the assembly elections in Punjab. Therefore, I&B used emergency powers under the Information Technology (IT) Rules to block the digital media resources of Punjab Politics TV. On 28 February 2022, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Special Court, Kolkata, convicted and sentenced a Fake Indian Currency Note (FICN) trafficker— Ketabul S.K., to five years of Rigorous Imprisonment (RI) and ₹ 40,000 fine for commission of offences under Sections 120B, 489B, and 489C of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The case—RC-25/2018/NIA/DLI related to the seizure of FICNs with face value of ₹ 1,92,000 on 31 July 2018, from Murshidabad in West Bengal. Other two FICN traffickers have already been convicted by NIA Special Court on 23 December 2021 in the same case.
For more information:
NIA arrested an explosive supplier in case related to an attack on Police party in Jharkhand.
In the case—RC-39/2020/NIA/DLI, investigation it was found that Abraham Tuti used to supply explosives and provide other logistic support to CPI (Maoist) cadres as an Over-Ground Worker (OGW).
For more information: Click here to read... [28] Security forces found arms and Maoist literature in Odisha.
For more information: Click here to read... [29] Khalistan-inspired Extremism
Police arrested three men for ties with pro-Khalistan groups, from Haryana.
For more information: Click here to read... [30]
For more information: Click here to read... [31]Fake Indian Currency Notes (FICNs) Cases
NIA Special Court (Kolkata) convicted and sentenced a FICN trafficker.
For more information: Click here to read... [32]
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Links:
[1] https://www.vifindia.org/defensenationalsecurityterrorism/2022/march/05
[2] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1794415
[3] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1799222
[4] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1800087
[5] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1800081
[6] https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34885/Humanitarian_Assistance_to_Afghanistan
[7] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1800502
[8] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1800604
[9] https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34898/Phone_call_between_Prime_Minister_Shri_Narendra_Modi_and_H_E_Vladimir_Putin_President_of_the_Russian_Federation
[10] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1800648
[11] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1800878
[12] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1801085
[13] https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34902/Prime_Minister_speaks_to_His_Excellency_President_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_of_Ukraine
[14] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1801200
[15] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1801950
[16] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1801951
[17] https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34907/Prime_Minister_chairs_high_level_meeting_to_review_Operation_Ganga
[18] https://www.timesofisrael.com/iaf-flies-over-lebanon-after-drone-enters-israel-hezbollah-takes-responsibility/
[19] https://www.africanews.com/2022/02/22/al-shabab-spent-24m-on-weapons-last-year//
[20] https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/19/at-least-13-killed-by-suicide-bomber-in-central-somalia
[21] https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2022/feb/18/top-us-general-warns-of-isis-presence-in-afghanistan-2420944.html
[22] https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/feb/19/2-terrorist-associates-arrested-in-pulwama-srinagar-police-2421493.html
[23] https://nia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressReleaseNew/1162_1_Pr.pdf
[24] https://nia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressReleaseNew/1161_1_Pr.pdf
[25] https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/jem-militant-arrested-in-kupwara-arms-seized-371953
[26] https://news.abplive.com/news/india/jaish-e-mohammad-terrorists-arrested-by-state-investigation-agency-in-kashmir-digital-evidence-for-investigation-1513404
[27] https://nia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressReleaseNew/1166_1_Pr.pdf
[28] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/9-members-of-maoist-squad-arrested/articleshow/89759542.cms
[29] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-maoist-arms-literature-found-in-malkangiri-district/articleshow/89746355.cms
[30] https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/haryana-police-sonipat-pro-khalistan-ties-1915290-2022-02-19
[31] https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ib-ministry-blocks-media-outlet-linked-to-pro-khalistan-group/articleshow/89743596.cms
[32] https://nia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/PressReleaseNew/1167_1_Pr1.pdf
[33] http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?title=VIF News Digest: National Security - Defence Studies & Terrorism, 15-28 February 2022&desc=&images=&u=https://www.vifindia.org/defensenationalsecurityterrorism/2022/march/05
[34] http://twitter.com/share?text=VIF News Digest: National Security - Defence Studies & Terrorism, 15-28 February 2022&url=https://www.vifindia.org/defensenationalsecurityterrorism/2022/march/05&via=Azure Power
[35] whatsapp://send?text=https://www.vifindia.org/defensenationalsecurityterrorism/2022/march/05
[36] https://www.vifindia.org/author/anurag-sharma
[37] https://www.vifindia.org/author/Naval-Jagota