Africa Now (15-30 September, 2024)

OVERVIEW

The African continent continues to experience dynamic changes, with major developments across political, economic, and social spheres. From democratic developments to critical economic reforms, African nations are navigating a rapidly evolving global landscape. As the continent tackle challenges such as regional conflicts, climate change, political instability, and many more, the continent remains a hub of innovation and growth. This edition of Africa now deals with key development took place in African continent in past few weeks.

Recent events across Africa highlight significant political and security challenges alongside military advancements. South Africa seeks to assess Embraer's C-390 Millennium for strategic lift capabilities. Whereas, the Democratic Republic of Congo has taken Rwanda to the East African Court of Justice, accusing it of supporting the M23 rebel group. In Sudan, the army launched a major offensive against the Rapid Support Forces in Khartoum, while in Somalia was struck by two bomb blasts, amid increasing tensions with Ethiopia. Tunisia faces a controversial presidential election under President Kais Saied's tightening control. Mali's military successfully foiled a terrorist attack in Bamako, while a terrorist group claimed responsibility to have inflicted heavy human and material losses. On the front of environment five African nations are negotiating a joint "debt-for-nature" swap to protect marine ecosystems.

African engagement with different global powers in recent times highlight key economic, military, and political shifts. The U.S. Special Forces have returned to Chad, focusing on counterterrorism efforts, while Egypt secured U.S. approval to purchase 720 Stinger missiles, enhancing its air defence amid regional tensions. Additionally, planning for Exercise African Lion 2025 began, strengthening U.S.-Africa military cooperation. Ethiopia, Liberia and Sierra Leone secured extended IMF credit facilities, aiming to stabilize their economies. AU and European Economic and Social Committees (EESC) presented a Joint Declaration at the UN, advocating for increased civil society involvement in global governance.

At the 79th UN General Assembly, India, Brazil, and South Africa called for coordinated action against terrorism, urging the adoption of the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism and enhanced UN Security Council sanctions on terrorist groups. Meanwhile, India showcased its defence capabilities at the Africa Aerospace and Defence Expo, emphasizing collaboration in Africa's defence market. The Indian Navy's INS Talwar visited Kenya to enhance maritime cooperation. Additionally, India is expanding its UPI-based digital payment systems across Africa and the EU while strengthening water management partnerships with Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Lastly, India dispatched 1,000 metric tons of rice to Namibia to address severe drought conditions.

AFRICA

Bomb blasts in Somalia kill six amid rising tensions with Ethiopia

Two bomb blasts in Somalia killed at least six people and injured ten others. The first explosion occurred near a restaurant in Mogadishu's Hamar Weyne district, killing at least three, including two women. The second blast hit a livestock market in Jowhar, Middle Shabelle region, resulting in one death and three injuries. While the perpetrators remain unidentified, al-Shabab, known for orchestrating similar attacks, is suspected. Meanwhile, tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia have escalated. Somalia’s Prime Minister accused Ethiopia, at the U.N. General Assembly, of violating its territorial integrity by attempting to establish a naval base in Somaliland, raising concerns of destabilization in the Horn of Africa and intensifying regional tensions. Click here to read... [2]

DRC accuses Rwanda of supporting M23 rebel

The East African Court of Justice has commenced proceedings on a case filed by the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) accusing Rwanda of violating its sovereignty by allegedly supporting the M23 rebel group in eastern DRC. The DRC claims Rwanda's actions have resulted in human rights violations, destabilized the North Kivu region, and fueled conflict over valuable minerals, such as cobalt and coltan, essential for modern technologies. Rwanda denies these allegations and has questioned the court’s jurisdiction, arguing that it does not handle criminal matters. The case follows DRC President Felix Tshisekedi’s call for international sanctions against Rwanda at the UN General Assembly. Both the Rwanda army and the M23, alongside Congolese forces, have been accused of committing atrocities against civilians in a report by Human Rights Watch. Click here to read... [3]

Sudanese army chief Burham eyes Khartoum Bahri, denying attacks on UAE ambassador's residence

Sudanese army chief General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan visited troops near Omdurman amid intensified fighting with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Burhan reaffirmed his commitment to defeating the RSF as the Sudanese army launched a major offensive in Khartoum Bahri. Troops crossed the Halfaya Bridge to advance on RSF positions, targeting key areas such as the industrial zone and Kafouri. Airstrikes supported the ground offensive, aiming to connect with the Signal Corps and break the RSF’s siege of army command in Khartoum. The Sudanese army denied UAE claims that it bombed the UAE ambassador's residence in Khartoum, blaming the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) instead, as UAE denies providing military aid. The ongoing 17-month conflict, which began in April, continues to destabilize Sudan, causing widespread humanitarian suffering despite multiple ceasefire attempts. Click here to read... [4]

African countries eye world’s first joint 'debt-for-nature' swap

Five African countries are planning a joint "debt-for-nature" swap to raise over $2 billion to protect the Indian Ocean's coral-rich ecosystem, according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Debt-for-nature deals involve swapping national debt for environmental protection funding. The initiative is part of the "Great Blue Wall" project, which aims to safeguard 2 million hectares of ocean ecosystems by 2030. While negotiations are still in progress, the deal could significantly accelerate marine conservation efforts across the region, benefiting coastal communities. Madagascar has confirmed its involvement, though other participating nations remain unnamed. Click here to read... [5]

Tunisia set for controversial presidential election as Kais Saied tightens grip on power

It is being claimed that on October 6, Tunisia will hold its first undemocratic presidential election in almost 14 years, with President Kais Saied virtually assured of victory. Saied, a constitutional law professor elected in 2019, has systematically dismantled Tunisia's democratic institutions since his self-coup in July 2021. He dissolved parliament, restructured the elections commission, and introduced new laws to block opposition candidates, reducing the field from 17 to just three. Saied’s legal reforms, including Decree Law 54 and Article 89 of the 2022 Constitution, target his opponents, silencing critics through arrests and harsh penalties. Despite economic decline and public discontent, Saied's grip on power remains firm. Click here to read... [6]

South African National Defence Force assesses Embraer’s C-390 millennium for strategic lift capabilities

The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) has assessed Embraer’s C-390 Millennium aircraft as it seeks to enhance its strategic lift capabilities. Notable for its ability to carry up to 26 tons of cargo at high speeds, the C-390 can perform various missions under challenging conditions. The aircraft was showcased at the Africa Aerospace and Defence exhibition in September, where it garnered attention from President Cyril Ramaphosa and Defence Minister Angie Motshekga. Embraer emphasized the C-390's versatility and operational reliability, highlighting its use by several countries for diverse military and humanitarian missions. Click here to read... [7]

Mali's military foils terrorist infiltration attempt in Bamako; JNIM claims responsibility

On September 17, 2024, Mali's military reported a foiled infiltration attempt by terrorists at a military police base in Bamako, a city typically spared from such attacks. The army declared the situation under control after gunfire and explosions erupted early in the morning. Two military police members were injured, and the airport was temporarily closed due to the incident. The Al-Qaeda-linked group Jamaat Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM) claimed responsibility, stating that they targeted the military airport and training center, causing significant casualties and damage. Mali has faced escalating violence since 2012, exacerbated by a humanitarian crisis. Click here to read... [8]

AFRICA AND WORLD

U.S. Special Forces return to Chad amid revised West Africa counter terror strategy

The U.S. is returning a limited number of Special Forces to Chad after withdrawing nearly five months ago. Major General Kenneth Ekman confirmed the decision following an agreement between U.S. Africa Command and Chadian President Mahamat Deby, who had requested the withdrawal ahead of Chad's April presidential election. The U.S. military presence in Chad will now be smaller, focusing on countering Boko Haram and Islamic State militants around Lake Chad. This return comes as the U.S. recalibrates its counterterrorism strategy in West Africa following recent military withdrawals from Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso due to political instability. Click here to read... [9]

IMF staff team and Ethiopian authorities reached an agreement on Extended credit facility

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff team, led by Alvaro Piris, visited Addis Ababa from September 17-26, 2024, to review Ethiopia’s economic reforms under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement. The team and Ethiopian authorities reached a staff-level agreement on the first review, pending IMF management and Executive Board approval. Ethiopia could access SDR 255.60 million (around US$345 million) upon completion. The reforms, including a floating exchange rate regime, are advancing well, improving foreign exchange availability and supporting economic stability. Click here to read... [10]

U.S. approves sale of 720 stinger missiles to Egypt amid rising regional tensions

The United States has approved the sale of 720 FIM-92 Stinger missiles to Egypt for approximately $740 million, aimed at enhancing the country's air defence capabilities amid rising tensions with Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Egypt currently operates about 50 M1097 Avenger units, which will be equipped with the Stinger missiles, enhancing its ability to counter low-altitude threats from agile fighters like the Ethiopian Su-27. The acquisition underscores Egypt's strategic focus on national security, also addressing potential threats from Libya and Sudan, as it seeks to fortify its defences in a complex regional landscape. Click here to read... [11]

Uganda launches 600-megawatt Karuma hydropower station, strengthening ties with China

Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni has inaugurated the Chinese-built 600-megawatt Karuma Hydropower Station and the Karuma Interconnection Project in Kiryandongo district. The project, financed by China's Export-Import Bank and the Ugandan government at a cost of $1.7 billion, aims to enhance electricity access and support Uganda's economy. Museveni expressed gratitude to China for its collaboration and highlighted the importance of affordable electricity for economic growth. The project, which involves both surface and underground construction on the River Nile, is expected to bolster Uganda's green energy transition and position the country as a regional electricity hub. Click here to read... [12]

IMF Approves 40-Month, $210 Million Credit Facility to Support Liberia's Economic Reforms

The IMF Executive Board approved a 40-month Extended Credit Facility (ECF) for Liberia, worth SDR 155 million (about US$210 million), to address macroeconomic imbalances and support private-sector-led growth. An immediate disbursement of US$5.8 million will help Liberia meet balance of payments needs. The program focuses on fiscal sustainability, rationalizing unproductive spending, enhancing revenue mobilization (including introducing a Value Added Tax), and addressing debt vulnerabilities. Key reforms aim to bolster financial stability, improve governance, and prioritize social spending in education and health sectors. Click here to read... [13]

Multinational exercise African Lion 2025, initial planning event sets stage for U.S.-Africa military collaboration

The initial planning event for Exercise African Lion 2025 (AL25) took place from September 9-20, 2024 laying the groundwork for this major multinational military exercise set for spring 2025 in Morocco, Tunisia, Ghana, and Senegal. AL25, organized by U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM), will involve over 20 nations, focusing on military readiness, humanitarian assistance, and peacekeeping. U.S. and African planners collaborated to define the exercise's objectives and operations, emphasizing interoperability and regional stability. Key participants, including U.S. military units and partner nations like Ghana and Senegal, will enhance operational capabilities, reinforcing strategic ties and promoting collective security across the continent. Click here to read... [14]

EESC and ECOSOCC unveil Joint Declaration at UN summit, advocating for civil society in global governance

At the UN Summit of the Future in New York, the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) and the African Union Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC) unveiled a Joint Declaration emphasizing the essential role of civil society in tackling global challenges and promoting sustainable development. The declaration advocates for a revitalized multilateral system that empowers civil society in governance, climate action, and development financing. Key points include accelerating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring a fair transition to climate neutrality, advocating for global financial reforms, and implementing gender-responsive policies. The partnership aims to amplify civil society voices, particularly from developing nations, while promoting youth engagement and digital innovation. Click here to read... [15]

IMF and Sierra Leone reach agreement for new extended credit facility to enhance economic stability and growth

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has reached a staff-level agreement with Sierra Leone for a new 38-month Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement, seeking SDR 187 million (approximately US$253 million). This ECF aims to restore stability, reduce inflation, and rebuild reserves while promoting inclusive growth through structural reforms and targeted social spending. IMF mission chief Christian Saborowski noted improvements in Sierra Leone's economic management, with inflation dropping from 55 percent to 25 percent in a year. The agreement, pending IMF Executive Board approval, aligns with Sierra Leone's Medium Term National Development Plan (MTNDP) 2024-30, emphasizing poverty reduction and enhanced governance. Click here to read... [16]

AFRICA AND INDIA

India, Brazil, and South Africa Call for United Action Against Terrorism at UNGA Meeting

India's External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, Brazil’s Mauro Vieira, and South Africa’s Ronald Lamola met during the 79th UN General Assembly to discuss counter-terrorism efforts. They emphasized urgent collective action against groups like Al-Qaeda, ISIS, LeT, and JeM. In a joint statement, they called for the adoption of the Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism and reaffirmed the UN Security Council's role in imposing sanctions on terrorists. The ministers condemned all forms of terrorism and stressed dismantling terrorist safe havens, urging UN reforms to ensure transparency and prevent politicization of sanctions. They also advocated for stronger international counter-terrorism frameworks. Click here to read... [17]

India showcases defence capabilities at AAD expo in South Africa

India's defence sector is making a significant presence at the Africa Aerospace and Defence (AAD) Expo in South Africa. Eight public and two private companies are showcasing air, land, and maritime products, with a focus on maintenance and after-sales services. High Commissioner Prabhat Kumar highlighted India's strong defence performance, expressing confidence in securing orders from African nations. Companies like Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVNL) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited are exhibiting for the first time, presenting advanced products such as tank variants and helicopters. Indian firms also emphasize collaboration over competition, targeting Africa's defence market for modernization and partnerships. Click here to read... [18]

INS Talwar's visit to Kenya strengthens maritime cooperation and historic ties

INS Talwar, an Indian Navy stealth frigate, arrived in Mombasa, Kenya, on September 22, 2024, to strengthen maritime ties and reaffirm India's commitment to cooperation with Kenya. The visit will involve professional interactions and exchanges between both navies, enhancing interoperability. India and Kenya share a long-standing bond, rooted in historical ties and mutual interests, further reinforced by the 2023 'BAHARI' Vision Statement on maritime cooperation. INS Talwar, commissioned in 2003 and commanded by Captain Jithu George, operates under the Indian Navy's Western Naval Command. Click here to read... [19]

India in Talks to Expand UPI-Based Digital Payment Systems to Africa by 2027

India is in talks with multiple countries in Africa and South America to help develop digital payment systems modeled after its Unified Payments Interface (UPI). NPCI International Payments Ltd (NIPL), the global arm of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), aims to launch two systems by early 2027. Discussions involve at least 20 countries, with Rwanda being one of the more advanced cases. Earlier agreements were made with Mauritius, Peru, and Namibia to implement UPI-like systems. NIPL is driving UPI's international adoption, capitalizing on UPI’s success, which saw 15 billion transactions in August 2024. Click here to read... [20]

India and EU Strengthen Collaboration on Sustainable Water Management and Innovation

At the 6th EU-India Water Forum, held during India Water Week, India and the EU reaffirmed their commitment to sustainable water management. Both sides aim to enhance cooperation in river basin management, innovation, and sustainable investment. The forum discussed trilateral collaboration between East Africa, India, and the EU, particularly in addressing challenges in water bodies like Lake Victoria. The India-EU Water Partnership (IEWP), now in Phase III, focuses on river basin management, climate resilience, and water governance. With €37.4 million in joint funding, projects cover drinking water purification, wastewater treatment, and real-time monitoring. The partnership aligns with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, emphasizing sustainable, climate-resilient solutions. Click here to read... [21]

India strengthens water management partnerships with Tanzania and Zimbabwe

Tanzania and Zimbabwe are set to enhance collaboration in water resource management, as announced by Indian Jal Shakti Minister C R Paatil during National Water Week 2024. Zimbabwe's Deputy Minister V P Haritatos highlighted the importance of Indian investments in the water sector, particularly the role of Indian companies like WAPCOS. India committed to providing technical assistance for addressing water-related challenges and improving irrigation systems. In a separate meeting, Tanzania expressed gratitude for India’s support in water projects, and both nations discussed a potential MoU for sharing expertise in water conservation and management. Click here to read... [22]

India dispatches humanitarian aid amid severe drought to Namibia

India has extended humanitarian aid to Namibia by dispatching 1,000 metric tonnes of rice to alleviate the impact of severe drought, emphasizing India's commitment to supporting the Global South. The shipment, departing from Nhava Sheva Port, is part of India's broader Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) strategy. This comes after aid was also sent to Chad following a deadly fire. India's recent efforts, including 'Operation Sadbhav' for typhoon-hit Southeast Asia, reflect its growing role in regional cooperation, focusing on climate resilience and food security amidst global environmental challenges. Click here to read... [23]